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(R)
SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver Dual Oscillators
s DC to AC Inverter for EL Backlit Display Panels s 2.2V - 5.0V Battery Operation s Dual Oscillator Operation for Application Flexibility s Low Current Standby Mode APPLICATIONS s PDAs s Cellular Phones s Remote Controls s Hand Held Computers
DESCRIPTION
The SP4424 is a high voltage output DC-AC converter that can operate from a single battery supply voltage as low as 2.2V. The SP4424 is capable of supplying up to 220 VPP signals, making it ideal for driving electroluminescent lamps. The device features 5A (maximum) standby current, for use in low power portable products. An inductor is used to generate high voltage pulses, and two external capacitors are used to select the inductor and the lamp oscillator frequencies. The SP4424 is offered in both an 8-pin narrow SOIC and 8-pin micro SOIC packages. For delivery in die form, please consult the factory.
CCOIL VSS COIL EL1
1 2 3 4 SP4424
8 7 6 5
CLAMP HON VDD EL2
SP4424 Block Diagram
SP4424DS/16
SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
(c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
1
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these ratings or any other above those indicated in the operation sections of the specifications below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability. VDD.....................................................................................................7.0 V Input Voltages/Currents HON (pin1)...............................................................-0.5V to (VDD+0.5V) COIL (pin3)....................................................................................60mA Lamp Outputs............................................................................230VPP Storage Temperature...................................................-65C to +150C
Power Dissipation Per Package 8-pin NSOIC (derate 6.14mWoC above +70oC)..................500mW 8-pin SOIC (derate 4.85mWoC above +70oC)...................390mW
The information furnished herein by Sipex has been carefully reviewed for accuracy and reliability. Its application or use, however, is solely the responsibility of the user. No responsibility for the use of this information is assumed by Sipex, and this information shall not explicitly or implicitly become part of the terms and conditions of any subsequent sales agreement with Sipex. Specifications are subject to change without prior notice. By the sale or transfer of this information, Sipex assumes no responsibility for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license or other proprietary rights are granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Sipex Corporation.
SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER Supply Voltage, VDD Supply Current, ICOIL+IDD Coil Voltage, VCOIL HON Input Voltage, VHON LOW: EL off HIGH: EL on HON Current, EL on Shutdown Current, ISD=ICOIL+IDD INDUCTOR DRIVE Coil Frequency, fCOIL Coil Duty Cycle Peak Coil Current, IPK-COIL EL LAMP OUTPUT EL Lamp Frequency, fLAMP Peak to Peak Output Voltage 150 100 60 100 60 120 200 3 4 75 1 VDD -0.25 VDD-0.25 MIN. 2.2 TYP. 3.0 35 .
(T= 25C; VDD =3.0V; Lamp Load = 55nF; Coil = 5mH at 18 Ohms; Coil OSC = 220pF, Lamp OSC = 1500pF unless otherwise noted)
MAX. 5.0 50 5.0.
UNITS V mA V VHON=3V
CONDITIONS
0 VDD
0.25V VDD+0.25 10 5
V A A
internal pulldown, VHON=VDD=3V VHON=0V
6
kHz %
60
mA
Guaranteed by design.
250 400
Hz
TAMB=+25OC TAMB=-40OC to +85OC TAMB=+25OC, VDD=2.2V TAMB=+25OC, VDD=3.0V TAMB=-40OC to +85OC, VDD=3.0V TAMB=+25OC, VDD=5.0V
90 130 160
VPP
This data sheet specifies environmental parameters, final test conditions and limits as well suggested operating conditions. For applications which require performance beyond the specified conditions and or limits please consult the factory.
Bonding Diagram:
PAD EL1 EL2 COIL VSS
X 586.0 586.0 586.0 -80.0 -562.5 -565.0 -562.5 588.0
Y 187.0 -143.0 -376.0 -417.0 397.0 -118.0 114.5 417.0
HON CLAMP CCOIL 663A
SP4424
VDD EL 2 EL1
HON CAP2 CAP1 VDD
VSS
SP4424DS/16
Coil
NOTES: 1. Dimensions are in Microns unless otherwise noted. 2. Bonding pads are 125x125 typical. 3. Outside dimensions are maximum, including scribe area. 4. Die thickness is 10 mils +/- 1. 5. Pad center coordinates are relative to die center. 6. Die size 1498 x 1168 ( 59 x 46 mils). (c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
2
PIN DESCRIPTION
SP4424CN
THEORY OF OPERATION
8 7 6 5
1 2 3 4
Pin 1 - CCOIL- Connect Capacitor from VSS to pin 1 to set coil frequency. Pin 2 - VSS- Power supply common, connect to ground. Pin 3 - Coil- Coil input, connect coil from VBATTERY to pin 3. Pin 4 - EL1- Lamp driver output 1, connect to EL lamp. Pin 5 - EL2- Lamp driver output 2, connect to EL lamp. Pin 6 - VDD- Power supply for driver, connect to system VDD. Pin 7 - HON- Enable for driver operation, high = active; low = inactive. Pin 8 - CLAMP- connect Capacitor from VSS to pin 8 to set lamp frequency.
The SP4424 is made up of four basic circuit elements: two precision oscillators, a coil, and the EL driver IC. The oscillators set the coil and lamp frequencies independently. This allows for the selective setting of the coil / lamp frequency ratio. The coil frequency can be selected for maximum energy transfer per cycle for a given coil value. The coil oscillator is designed to operate at 75% duty cycle and the lamp oscillator is designed for 50% DC, for minimum DC offset across the EL lamp. An external capacitor connected between pin 8 and VSS allows the user to vary the lamp oscillator frequency from approximately 75Hz (4700 pf) to 350Hz (450 pf). Likewise, an external capacitor connected between pin 1 and VSS allows the user to vary the coil oscillator frequency from approximately 5kHz (390 pf) to 50kHz (22 pf). The graphs on page 7 show the relationship between oscillators (LOSC and COSC) and their respective capacitor values. The coil is an external component connected from VBATTERY to pin 3 of the SP4424. Energy is stored in the coil according to the equation EL=1/2LI2, where I is the peak current flowing in the inductor. The current in the inductor is time dependent and is set by the "ON" time of the coil switch: I=(VL/ L)tON, where VL is the voltage across the inductor. At the moment the switch closes, the current in the inductor is zero and the entire supply voltage (minus the VSAT of the switch) is across the inductor. The current in the inductor will then ramp up at a
5mH/18
220pF VIN=3V
1500pF CCOIL VSS Coil EL1 SP4424 1.6 sq.in. 4.5nF CLAMP HON VDD EL2 EL Lamp 3Ftl 0.1F Low ESR Decoupling Capacitor HON=VDD=ON HON=0V=OFF
+ -
SP4424 Typical Application
SP4424DS/16 SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver (c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
3
linear rate. As the current in the inductor builds up, the voltage across the inductor will decrease due to the resistance of the coil and the "ON" resistance of the switch: VL=VBATTERY-IRL-VSAT. Since the voltage across the inductor is decreasing, the current ramp-rate also decreases which reduces the current in the coil at the end of tON the energy stored in the inductor per coil cycle and therefore the light output. The other important issue is that maximum current (saturation current) in the coil is set by the design and manufacturer of the coil. If the parameters of the application such as VBATTERY, L, RL or ton cause the current in the coil to increase beyond its rated ISAT, excessive heat will be generated and the power efficiency will decrease with no additional light output. The majority of the current goes through the coil and typically less than 3 mA is required for VDD of the SP4424. VDD can range from 2.2V to 5V; it is not necessary that VDD=VBATTERY. For example, an unregulated voltage source (3.3V) can be directly connected to the coil, while a regulated voltage source (2.85V) can be connected to the IC VDD pin. Coil performance is also a function of the core material and wire used -- performance variances may be noticeable from different coil suppliers. The Sipex SP4424 is tested using a 5mH/18 coil from Hitachi Metals. For suggested coil sources see page 9. The fCOIL signal controls a switch that connects the end of the coil at pin 3 to ground or to open circuit. The fCOIL signal is a 75% duty cycle signal. During the time when the fCOIL signal is high, the coil is connected from VBATTERY to ground and a
magnetic field is generated in the coil. During the low part of fCOIL , the ground connection is switched open, the field collapses and the voltage generated in the inductor is directed to the high voltage H-bridge switches. fCOIL will send as many charge pulses as possible in 1 Lamp Cycle.{Number of Coil Coil pulses in 1 lamp cycle =} 1 x LampFreq. } Freq 2 (see figure 2 on page 6). Each pulse increases the voltage drop across the lamp in discrete steps. As the voltage potential approaches its maximum, the steps become smaller (see figure 1 on page 6). The H-bridge consists of two SCR structures that act as high voltage switches. These two switches control the polarity of the lamp (capacitor) as it is charged. The SCR switches are controlled by the fLAMP signal which is the oscillator frequency divided by 2. When the energy from the coil is released, a high voltage spike is created triggering the SCR switches. The direction of current flow is determined by which SCR is enabled. One full cycle of the H-bridge will create a number of voltage steps from ground to 65V (typical) on pins 4 and 5 which are 180 degrees out of phase (see figure 3 on page 6). A differential view of the outputs is shown in figure 4 on page 6.
5mH/18
220pF VIN=3V
1500pF CCOIL VSS Coil EL1 SP4424 CLAMP HON VDD EL2 55nF 0.1F Low ESR Decoupling Capacitor 100 HON=VDD=ON HON=0V=OFF
+ -
SP4424 Test Circuit
SP4424DS/16 SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver (c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
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CIRCUIT LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS: The SP4424 IC incorporates two independent asynchronous oscillators, one of which supplies the signal for switching of the coil transistor which generates the coil charge pulses and the other supplies the clock signal to switch the high voltage H-bridge output circuit. It is necessary to keep all high voltage signals away from these oscillator clock signals as much as possible as crosstalk between the two signals can cause distortion in the EL drive signal which can result in either low light output or blinking of the EL lamp. It is always recommended that a low ESR decoupling capacitor (0.1 F or >) be used between the VDD (pin 6) and ground (pin 2). The VSS (gnd) pin should in turn be connected to the system ground plane. If it is connected via a circuit trace, this trace should be as short and as wide as possible. Electroluminescent Technology What is electroluminescence? An EL lamp is basically a strip of plastic that is coated with a phosphorous material which emits light (fluoresces) when a high voltage (>40V) which was first applied across it, is removed. Long periods of DC voltages applied to the material tend to breakdown the material and reduce its lifetime. With these considerations in mind, the ideal signal to drive an EL lamp is a high voltage sine wave. Traditional approaches to achieving this type of waveform included discrete circuits incorporating a transformer, transistors, and several resistors and capacitors. This approach is large, power hungry, expensive and bulky, and would be difficult to implemented in most hand held equipment.
Sipex now offers low power single chip driver circuits specifically designed to drive small to medium sized electroluminescent panels. All that is required is one external inductor and capacitor. Electroluminescent backlighting is ideal for use with LCD displays, keypads, or other backlit readouts. Its primary use is to illuminate displays in dim to dark conditions for momentary periods of time. EL lamps typically consume less current than LEDs or bulbs making them ideal for battery powered products. Also, EL lamps are able to evenly light an area without creating "hot spots" in the display. The amount of light emitted is a function of the voltage level applied to the lamp, the frequency at which it is applied and the lamp size and method of construction . There are many variables which can be optimized for specific applications. Sipex supplies custom characterization data to aid the designer in selecting the optimum circuit configuration.
SP4424DS/16
SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
(c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
5
VPEAK=65V (typical)
EL1 output; charge steps per half cycle based on # of coil pulses per half cycle.
Figure 1. EL output voltage in discrete steps at EL1 output
Number of coil pulses in lamp cycle =
coil lamp freq. (2) ;
70% duty cycle.
Figure 2. Voltage pulses released from the coil to the EL driver circuitry
EL1 Output
-EL2 Output
Figure 3. EL voltage waveforms from the EL1 and EL2 outputs
EL1 Output VPP=160V (typical) -EL2 Output Differential Representation (EL1-EL2).
Figure 4. EL differential output waveform of the EL1 and EL2 outputs
SP4424DS/16
SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
(c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
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The following performance curves are intended to give the designer a relative scale from which to optimize specific applications. Absolute measurements may vary depending upon the brand of components chosen.
20.0 Frequency (KHz) EOUT PP (VAC) 50 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 68 100 75 Coil Osc Cap (pF) 122 240 230 220 210 200 190 180 16.0 13.6 9.4 11.7 Coil Frequency (KHz) 7.4
Coil Frequency vs. Coil Osc Cap Value
Coil Frequency vs. EOUT PP
6 Light Output (FtL) 5 ITOTAL (mAz) 50 68 100 75 Coil Cap (pF) 122 4 3 2 1 0
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 50 68 100 75 Coil Osc Cap (pF) 122
Coil Cap vs. Light Output
ITOTAL vs. Coil Osc Cap
600 500 Frequency (Hz) 400 300 200 100 0 580 680 1400 1000 820 Lamp Osc Cap (pF) 1800
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 1.5 2 2.3 Lamp Size (Sq. in) 3 3.4
Lamp Size vs. Light Output
Light Output (FtL)
Lamp Frequency vs. Lamp Osc Cap Value
240 230 EOUT PP (VAC) 220 210 200 190 180 580 680 1400 820 1000 Lamp Osc Cap (nF) 1800 EOUT PP (VAC)
250 200 150 100 50 0 1 1.5 2.3 2 Lamp Size (sq. in) 3 3.4
Lamp Osc Cap vs. EOUT PP
Lamp Size vs. EOUT PP
SP4424DS/16
SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
(c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
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The following performance curves are intended to give the designer a relative scale from which to optimize specific applications. Absolute measurements may vary depending upon the brand of components chosen.
Lamp Frequency (Hz)
140 120
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 -40 0 70 25 Temperature ( o C) 85 3.0V 2.2V
Peak to Peak Voltage (Volts)
100 80 60 40 20 0 -40 0 70 25 Temperature ( o C) 85 3.0V 2.2V
Peak to Peak Voltage vs. Temperature CCOIL=220pF; CLAMP=1500pF; Load=55nF
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -40 0 70 25 Temperature ( o C) 85
Lamp Frequency vs. Temperature CCOIL=220pF; CLAMP=1500pF; Load=55nF
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -40 0 70 25 Temperature ( o C) 85
Coil Frequency (Khz)
Total Current (mA)
3.0V 2.2V
3.0V 2.2V
Total Current vs. Temperature CCOIL=220pF; CLAMP=1500pF; Load=55nF
Coil Frequency vs. Temperature CCOIL=220pF; CLAMP=1500pF; Load=55nF
SP4424DS/16
SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
(c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
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The coil part numbers presented in this data sheet have been qualified as being suitable for the SP4422A product. Contact Sipex for applications assistance in choosing coil values not listed in this data sheet. CTC Coils LTD Hong Kong Ph: 85-2695-4889 Fax: 85-2695-1842 Mark Technologies: North American Stocking distributor for Sankyo and CTC Ph: 905-891-0165 Fax: 905-891-8534 Model Numbers: CH5070AS-203K-006 (20mH, 65) Sipex Number: S51208-M-1021-Sipex
HITACHI METALS Ltd. Japan Ph: 3-3284-4936 Fax: 3-3287-1945 HITACHI METALS Singapore Ph: 65-222-3077 Fax: 65-222-5232 Part Numbers: MD735L902B (9mH + 20% 41) MD735L502A (5mH + 20% 19.8) Toko Inc. Japan Ph: 03-3727-1161 Fax: 03-3727-1176 Toko America Inc. USA Ph: 847-297-0070 Fax: 847-699-7864 Toko Inc. Singapore Ph: 255-4000 Fax: 250-8134 Toko Germany Ph: 49-7156-96-060 Fax: 49-7156-96-06-26 Toko Korea Ph: 0551-50-5500 Fax: 0551-93-1110 Toko France Ph: 01-4557-4465 Fax: 01-4554-2837 Toko Hong Kong Ph: 2342-8131 Fax: 2341-9570 muRata Hong Kong Ph: 85-2237-6389-8 Fax: 85-2237-5556-55 Part Numbers: LQN6C472M04 (4.7mH, 35) LQN6C103M04 (10mH, 80) Coilcraft Hong Kong Ph: 852-770-9428 Fax: 852-770-0729
.175 MAX 4,45
25 2.0
2.5
6.5 Max
9.0 Max
(All dimensions in mm)
HITACHI METALS Hong Kong Ph: 852-2724-4183 Fax: 852-2311-2093 HITACHI METALS Chicago, IL Ph: 847-364-7200 Fax: 847-364-7279
6.8 0.3
7.0 0.5
3.3 0.3
6.0 0.3
(All Dimensions in mm)
4.4 Max
2.75 Max 4.4 (All Dimensions in mm)
Part Numbers: Toko U.K. 667MA-472N (4.7mH, 13) Ph: 1753-854057-9 Fax: 1753-8503-23 muRata USA Ph: 770-436-1300 Fax: 770-436-3030 muRata Europe Ph: 49-9116-6870 Fax: 49-1166-8722-5 Coilcraft USA Ph: 847-639-6400 Fax: 847-639-1469 Coilcraft Europe Ph: 44-01236-730595 Fax: 44-01236-730627 Part Numbers: DS1608C-106 (10mH, 32) muRata Taiwan Ph: 88-6429-1415-1 Fax: 88-6442-5292-9 muRata Singapore Ph: 65-758-4233 Fax: 65-753-6181 Coilcraft Taiwan Ph: 886-2-264-3646 Fax: 886-2-270-0294 Coilcraft Singapore Ph: 65-296-6933 Fax: 465-296-4463 #382
5.0 0.3
5.0 0.3
5.7 0.3
(All Dimensions in mm)
.260 6,60 MAX
4.7 0.3
.115 2,92 MAX Magnetically Shielded
(All Dimensions in mm)
SP4424DS/16
SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
(c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
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EL polarizers/transflector manufacturers
Nitto Denko San Jose, CA Phone: (510) 445-5400 Astra Products Baldwin, NJ Phone: (516) 223-7500 Fax: (516) 868-2371
EL Lamp manufacturers
Metro Mark/Leading Edge Minnetonka, MN Phone: (800) 680-5556 Phone: (612) 912-1700 Midori Mark Ltd. 1-5 Komagata 2-Chome Taita-Ku 111-0043 Japan Phone: 81-03-3848-2011 Luminescent Systems Inc. (LSI) Lebanon, NH Phone: (603) 643-7766 Fax: (603) 643-5947 NEC Corporation Tokyo, Japan Phone: (03) 3798-9572 Fax: (03) 3798-6134 Seiko Precision Tokyo, Japan Phone: (03) 5610-7089 Fax: .) 5610-7177 Gunze Electronics 2113 Wells Branch Parkway Austin, TX 78728 Phone: (512) 752-1299 Fax: (512) 252-1181
SP4424DS/16
SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
(c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
10
All package dimensions in inches 8-pin NSOIC 8-pin SOIC
0.0256 BSC 0.012 0.003 0.189/0.197 0.0965 0.003 0.053/0.069 R .003
12.0 4 0.008 0 - 6 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006
0.150/0.157
SP4424CN
0.228/0.244
SP4424CU
0.118 0.002
0.16 0.003 12.0 4 0.01
0.014/0.019 0.050 BSC
1
0.020 0.020 1 2
0.0215 0.006 0.037 Ref
3.0 3
0.116 0.004
0.034 0.002 0.040 0.002 0.116 0.004
0.013 0.005 0.118 0.002
0.004 0.002
0.118 0.004
95 SP4424CN per tube, no minimum quantity
50 SP4424CU per tube
P
W
NSOIC-8 13" reels: P=8mm, W=12mm SOIC-8 13" reels: P=8mm, W=12mm Pkg. CN CU Minimum qty per reel 500 500 Standard qty per reel 2500 2500 Maximum qty per reel 3000 3000
SP4424DS/16
SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
(c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
11
ORDERING INFORMATION
Model Operating Temperature Range Package Type SP4424CN . ............................................ -40C to +85C ......................................... 8-Pin NSOIC SP4424CU . ............................................ -40C to +85C ......................................... 8-Pin SOIC SP4424CX .............................................. -40C to +85C ........................................................ Die SP4424NEB ..................................................... N/A ............................... NSOIC Evaluation Board SP4424UEB ..................................................... N/A ............................... SOIC Evaluation Board
Please consult the factory for pricing and availability on a Tape-On-Reel option.
Corporation
SIGNAL PROCESSING EXCELLENCE
Sipex Corporation Headquarters and Sales Office 22 Linnell Circle Billerica, MA 01821 TEL: (978) 667-8700 FAX: (978) 670-9001 e-mail: sales@sipex.com Sales Office 233 South Hillview Drive Milpitas, CA 95035 TEL: (408) 934-7500 FAX: (408) 935-7600
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described hereing; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SP4424DS/16 SP4424 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver (c) Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
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